Researchers Extend Lifespan in Mice by as Much as 35%, Humans on the Horizon

Researchers at the Mayo Clinic are edging closer to dramatically changing the lifespan of humans after an amazing recent scientific achievement — extending the life of lab mice by as much as 35 percent and greatly increasing the number of healthy years during their lifespan. 

Researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, the world’s largest nonprofit medical group practice and a leader in medical research, are making headlines with a recent study that not only extended the life of lab mice by as much as 35 percent but also increased the number of healthy years the mice live.

According to the Mayo Clinic, senescent cells — cells that no longer divide and accumulate with age — negatively impact health and shorten lifespan by as much as 35 percent in normal mice. The results of their recent study, which appear in the journal Nature, show that clearance of senescent cells delays tumor formation, preserves tissue and organ function, and extends lifespan without observed adverse effects.

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“Cellular senescence is a biological mechanism that functions as an ‘emergency brake’ used by damaged cells to stop dividing,” said Jan van Deursen, Ph.D., Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular biology at Mayo Clinic, and senior author of the paper. “While halting cell division of these cells is important for cancer prevention, it has been theorized that once the ‘emergency brake’ has been pulled, these cells are no longer necessary.”

Dr. Jan van Deursen of the Mayo Clinic explains some of the key findings from his life-extending experiments on mice.

The immune system sweeps out the senescent cells on a regular basis, but over time, becomes less effective. Senescent cells produce factors that damage adjacent cells and cause chronic inflammation, which is closely associated with frailty and age-related diseases, according to the Mayo Clinic.

In the study, Mayo Clinic researchers used a transgene that allowed for the drug-induced elimination of senescent cells from normal mice. Upon administration of a compound called AP20187, removal of senescent cells delayed the formation of tumors and reduced age-related deterioration of several organs. Median lifespan of treated mice was extended by 17 to 35 percent. They also demonstrated a healthier appearance and a reduced amount of inflammation in fat, muscle and kidney tissue.

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“Senescent cells that accumulate with aging are largely bad, do bad things to your organs and tissues, and therefore shorten your life but also the healthy phase of your life,” van Deursen said. “And since you can eliminate the cells without negative side effects, it seems like therapies that will mimic our findings – or our genetic model that we used to eliminate the cells – that drugs or other compounds that can eliminate senescent cells would be useful for therapies against age-related disabilities or diseases or conditions.”

Darren Baker, Ph.D., a molecular biologist at Mayo Clinic and first author on the study is also optimistic about the potential implications of the study for humans.

“The advantage of targeting senescent cells is that clearance of just 60 to 70 percent can have significant therapeutic effects,” Baker said. “If translatable, because senescent cells do not proliferate rapidly, a drug could efficiently and quickly eliminate enough of them to have profound impacts on healthspan and lifespan.”